Car construction.



E. G. BUDD.

OAR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED APILQ, 1912.

1,077,589. Patented N0v.4,1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET l.

I l 1L ATTORN EY E. G. BUDD.

GAR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED APBJ), 1912. 1,077,589. I Patented Nov. 4, 1913.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

WITNESSES 3\ L 6 l INVENTOR N ATTORN EY Patented Nov. 4; 1913.

3 SHBETS SHEET 3.

E. G. BUDD.

GAE CONSTRUCTION.

ABPLIGATIOH FILED AFB. 9, nu.

111 lrllllvilllvlil vlilllll'llfllll'filI/fll INVENTOR ATTORNEY WITNESSES UNITED STATES EDWARD G: BUDD; OE PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORE T HALE AND KILZBUBN. COMPANY, OE PHILADELBHIA,, PENNSYLVANIA, A: CORPORATION OF DELAWARE- CAR CON STRUCTION Q Specification of Letters. Patent.-

Patented N ov. 4, 1913.

Application filed April 9; 1912:- Serial No; 688,468.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWARD G. BUDD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphla biand State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Car Construction, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to the construction 10-of railway-cars, and involves the provisionof an improved construction wherein sheetmetal parts areusedto a very large extent, the construction being particularly adapted for use in interurban electric cars.

Oneobject'of the invention is to simplify the-design of ametallic railway-car in so far as is possible without sacrificing strength, rigidity and Wearing'qualities. By so simplii'ying the construction, the cost of producing the car is reduced, as the number of parts employed is less and these may be more readilyassembled.

Another' object of the invention is-t'o so construct the car that it will be of light weight and to attain this end without making a sacrifice in other desirable or neces saryfeatures.

A further object of theinvention is to so construct the car that it will be easier and less expensive to keep the interior of the car'- warm in cold weather. To this end the interior of the car is provided with a nonmetallic lining, and this lining is secured in position without employing for-this-pur pose metallic securing devices extending through the lining and connected'tothe metallic devices on the exterior of the car, for such metallic securing devices would serve as conductors for heat from the interior to 40 the exterior of the car.

One of the featuresof'the present invention resides in the employment of posts,

which extend? from the floor of the car on oneside' up to the top of the car, across the roof and down to the floor-on theother side. These posts are-integral from end'to end and are formed of sheet-metal. By the use of such. sheet-metal posts, the construction ofthe car is simplified and the cost thereof reduced. The post may be shaped as required, and-then a: single piece constitutingtwo side posts: and a. roof support may bemounted. in position when assembling" the' parts for a car. Preferably, the posts at theendsof thecanare formedrin this way, as

well'asthe' intermediate posts, but these end ones are made substantially heavier than the posts in the body of the car. Further such a width as to extend from the center line of one post to the center line of the next adj acent' post of the car. These sheets, moreover, are of such length that they extend entirely across the roof of the car and down at substantial distance on either side of the car; In order to secure these non-metallic sheets-invposition, strips of sheet-metal are employed; each overlying thejoint' between two lining sheets. In co-action with these strips, means'are provided for forcing the strips upwardly against the roof of the car. In this way the non-metallic lining sheets are clamped against the overlying roof and wall structure so that they are securely held in position, but this is efiected without resorting to the use of securing devices which extend through: the non-metallic'lining and 'areconnected to the metallic roof structure.

The invention involves numerous other features in the construction of a metallic railway-car, whereby great strength is obtained in a structure which may be manufactured' at comparatively low cost and which is of comparatively light weight.

The preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in Which Figure 1 is a-central longitudinal section of a-railway car, partly inelevation; Fig; 2

is atransverse section of the car, one-half beingasection through one of the posts and the otherhalf being a-section between posts; Fig.- 3"is-an enlarged section-through a side wall of: the car, broken away in part; Fig. 4

is asectional'v-iew through one of the posts lengthwiseof the car and at the center of the roof of the car; Figs. 5, (Sand 7 are sectional views on line 5-5, 6 '6 and 7--7 respectively of Fig. 3; Fig. 8 is a sectional detail view through the lower end of one of the posts and transversely of the car; Fig. 9

is a horizontal sectional view through one of the end posts and the parts associated therewith at a point between the curtainbox and windowsill; and Fig. 10 is a detail vertical sectional view of the edge of the hood at the end of the car.

-Referring to these drawings, the side walls and roof of the car are supported by a plurality of posts, each made of sheetmetal and each so formed that its end portions constitute two side-posts for supporting the side walls of the car and its intermediate portion constitutes a supportfor the roof of the car. In other words, each of these posts is so formed that it extends from the floor of the car on one side upwardly to the roof, across the roof and down on the other side to the floor on that side of the car. I Its ends are secured to the floor structure, the vertical portions support the side walls of the car, andbetween these ver tical portions is a bow-shaped portion which supports the roof of the car. In Fig. 1, three of these -posts are shown, that indicated by the reference '1 being an end post at the end of the car and those indicated by the reference 2 being intermediate posts. In Fig. 2, one

half of one of the posts is shown at 2. Each of these posts is formed of sheet-metal, the construction for the intermediate posts being preferably that indicated in Figs. 4 to 7. Referring to these figures, it will be seen that each post consists of pieces of sheetmetal, 3 and 4. The piece 3 is bent along lines extending longitudinally thereof, so as to form three sides of a rectangle, and at its edges is provided with outwardly turned flanges 5. The piece 4 is provided with folds 6 at its lateral edges, which inclose the flanges 5, thus securing the pieces 3 and 4 together and formin a post of rectangular cross-section. As it is unnecessary that the portions of these posts extending across the roof of the car be of as great strength as the vertical portions, the posts are made substantially thinner throughout the portions thereof extending across the roof of the car, so as ['0 decrease the weight. V Fig. 4. shows a section through one of the posts at the top of the car. It will be seen that the crosssectional dimensions of the" piece 3 are substantiallyless in Fig. 4 than.in Fig. 5, and the piece 4 is discontinued altogether across the roof of the car. The end post 1 is like the intermediate posts, in that it combines in an integral structure two side postsan'd a roof support, and in that it is formed of sheet-metal; but it is larger and of greater strength than posts 2, as indicated in Fig.

9. The post 1 shown in this figure is constructed in substantially the same manner as the posts 2 above described. his, however, provided with braces which are not necessary in the intermediate posts. One of these braces is shown at 7. This consists of a metallic strip of angular cross-section, located within the post 1. Preferably it extends upwardly to the cave of the car, or

to a point about on a level with the top of the door in the end of the car. Another brace, in addition to the brace 7, is employed, this consisting of a metallic strip 8 of angular cross-sectionJ This strip is 10- cated outside of the post 1, but against thecorner of the post, and preferably. it is of a to another from one endof the car to "the other. a

The means for securing the lower ends of the posts to the floor structure may be varied within reasonable limits, but preferably such a construction as that indicated in Fig. 8 is employed for this purpose. As here shown, a sheet-metal piece 9 is provided within each end of each post, this being riveted to the metal of the post as shown at 10 and its function being to stiffen the post at its lower end. In mounting a post in position, its lower ends are brought down over channels 11 in the floor structure of the car. A casting 12 is provided, having bosses 13 thereon, which serves as a spacer, so that the casting 12, together with the channel 11, will fill the lower end of the post. Bolts 14 are then employed for securing the lower end of the post to an angle 15 secured to the end of a channel 16 in the floor structure of the car. The bolts 14 pass through openings in the lower end of the post proper, the sheet-metal brace 9, channel 11, casting 12 and angle 15, so'that these parts are all firmly united.

The several posts are tied together, so that each is braced upon the others. For

this purpose, channels 17 are employed at the center of the roof of the car, each channel extending from one post to'the next adjacent post and having its ends secured to those posts by suitable angles 18. A heavy icoiso

means are employed for further bracing the end posts of the car, so as to provide greater strength at these ends and thus guard against telescoping. In Fig. 2, channels 21 are shown, similar to the channels 17 butlocated one on either side of the center line of the car and approximately midway 'between the center line and the top of the side wall. These channels 21 are preferably provided between the end post and the first intermediate post and between the first and second intermediate posts at each end of the car. These posts at the ends of the 'car' are additionally braced in the manner indicated in Fig. 1. In this figure, a channeliron 22 is shown, extending between the end post and the first intermediate post and between the first and second intermediate posts, the ends of these channel-irons being riveted to the posts.

In the side walls of the car, between adjacent posts, windows are provided. The entire interior of the car above these windows is provided with a non-metallic lining. Thislining is shown at 23 and consists of sheets of a suitable material of a width equal to the distance from the center line of one post of the car to the center line of the next adjacent post. These sheets 23, furthermore, are of such length that they extend from directly above-a window on one side of the car up to the roof, entirely across the roof and down to the upper edge of the window on the opposite side. In order to secure these non-metallic sheets 23 in position, sheet-metal strips 24 are provided, preferably of U-shaped cross-section, each strip underlying the joint between two sheets 23. Each securing strip 24 directly underlies a post 2 and is of approximately the same length as the lining sheets 23. Means are provided for forcin these U- shaped securing strips 24 upwardly against the roof of the car, so that they will press the lining sheets 23 against the overlying structure and thus hold those sheets securely in position. To this end, each securing strip 24 has a bolt 25v (Fig. 3) secured to each end thereof, the end of this bolt projecting beyond the end of the strip and being threaded as'shown at 26. To each post 2 is secured an angular metallic piece 27 (Figs. 3 and 5), having a slot therein of a width equal to the diameter of the threaded end 26 of the bolt. When two adjacent lining sheets 23 have been positioned properly, a securing strip 24 is laid over the adjacent edges of these sheets and then the threaded ends of the bolts 25 at the ends of this securing strip are passed into the slots in the angular p1eces 27. Nuts 28 on the ends of the bolts 26 are then. turned upon the bolts down against the pieces 27 then, as the nuts 28'are further'turned, the securing strip 24 will be forced upwardly into the roof of the car, and as it is so forced upwardly it will press the edges of the lining sheets 23 against the overlying posts 2, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4. In order to prevent either or both the sheets 23 and the securing strips 24 from moving in the direction of the length of the car, stops are provided on each post, coacting with these'parts so as to prevent" such movement. One of these stops is shown in Fig. 4. Referring to this figure, it will beseen that a stud or stop 29 is provided upon the post 2, projecting throughan opening formed in the two sheets 23 at their meeting edges and into an opening in a block 30 located within the securing strip 24. This block is of a width equal to the width of the space within the securing strip, and the opening therein is of substantially the same size as the stud 29.. -Preferably three of these stops are pro vided upon each post 2.

The angle-pie'ces27 on the several posts 2 and the parts associated therewith are all concealed by a cornice 31, which runs from one end of the car to the otherand is secured to the inner sides of the posts 2. The

lower edges of the lining sheets 23 extend down within this cornice, as showii in'Fig.

3. The cornice may'also serve as a curtainbox, as indicated. Referring now to Figs- 3, 5 and 6, the adjacent faces of two adjacent posts 2 have sheet-metal st'rips 32 secured thereto, these strips being so formed as to constitute guides for a vertically movable Window-sash and channels for-the.v

edges of a curtain wound upon a roller mounted within the cornice or curtain-box 31. The preferred cross-sectional shape "of the strip 32 is shown in Fig. 6. This strip extends from the sill of the window u to the cornice or curtain-b02131. Above this point, a strip 33 of angular cross-section, as shown in Flg. 5, is secured to the post in continuation of that portion of the strip 32 which forms a guide for the sash. For coaction with the outer side of the sash, a guide 34 (Fig. 6) is secured to the pbst, this guide being formed from a sheet-metal strip.

The roof plates are secured to the outer sides of the posts 2 in the manner indicated in Fig. 1 or any other suitable manner, and

the edges of these plates35 are carried down I to the bars 19, where they are turned u around flanges formed by pieces 36 secure to the bars '19. From the cave. of the car thus formed, down to the upper edge of the windows, the exterior of the side wall-of the.c'ar is finished by a metallic sheathing 37. This sheathing consists of sheet-metal plates secured to the posts 2, their upper edges lying between the posts 2 and-the bar 19.

Below the windows, a sheathing is provided between'e'ach pair of adjacent posts.

This sheathing consists of a sheet-metal plate 38 secured to the floor structure of the car and extending upwardly therefrom between two adjacent posts. The upper A non-metallic lining piece 42 is preferably provided upon the interior wall of the car below the window-sill. The upper edge of this lining piece 42 may be held in position by a strip of wood 43 secured to the under side of the board 41, as shown inFig. 3.

At the end of the car, a heat bar 44 of angular cross-section is provide extending across the car at the level of the upper edge of the opening for the door in the end of the car body. This bar 44 has its ends secured to opposite vertical members of the end posts of the car and serves the purpose of preventin these side members from spreading. other metallic strip 45 of angular cross-section is secured at its ends to the end post, this strip 45 being of approximately semicircular shape and constituting the support for the hood 46 at the end of the car. A sheet-metal rib 47 may be provided for additionally supporting the hood, this rib having its ends secured upon the bar 44. The strip 45 may have a bar 19 secured thereto, which bar may be a con tinuation of the one employed alon the side of the car. This bar is prefera ly provided with a projecting ed e formed by a sheet-metal strip 36 and t e edge of the metal employed in the hood 46 1s turned upwardly around the lower edge of this strip-36.

The construction herein described offers numerous advantages. One advantage of considerable importance lies in the simplicity of the construction, as a result of which the cost of manufacturing the cars is greatly reduced. This desirable simplicity is due to a reduction in the number ofparts employed, the use of sheet-metal in the construction of these parts, and the facility with which the sheet-metal parts may be manufactured and assembled. This is partlcularly true of the posts employed, which are made of sheet-metal and which are so constructed that a single integral piece is used to serve purposes heretofore served by two separate heavy angle-bars, constituting side posts and a roof-supporting structure extendin between the ends of these side posts an secured thereto.

Another advantage of importance secured by the construction herein described is that the car is very light in weight, though this reduction in the weight is not secured by.

sacrificing strength and rigidity of the parts.

Furthermore, it will be seen that the means employed for securing the non-metallic lining in place is such that there is no metallic connection from the interior of the car through the non-metallic lining to the overlying metallic roof structure, such as would carry heat throu h the non-metallic lining to the exterior o the car. This is of great importance in that it makes it possible to maintain the interior of a car at a desired temperature much more economically.

Ilaving now described my invention, what I claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as follows 1. In a car, a metallic roof structure, a non-metallie-lining on the interior of the car, and means for forcing said lining upward and holding it in position against the roof structure, substantially as set forth.

2. In a car, a metallic roof structure, a non-metallic lining on the interior of the car, securing-strips below the lining, and adjusting devices at the ends of the strips for forcing the strips upward and thereby clamping the lining against the roof structure, substantially as set forth.

3. In a car, a metallic roof structure, a non-metallic lining on the interior of the car, and a device for securing the lining in position against said structure which device extends transversely of the car across the face of the lining engaging the inner surstantially as set forth.

4. In a car, a metallic roof structure, nonmetallic lining pieces underlying the roof structure, sheet-metal strips of U-shaped cross-section underlying said pieces and each engaging the edges of two adjacent pieces, and adjusting devices at the ends of the strips for forcing the strips upward and thus clamping said pieces to the roof structure, substantially as set forth.

5. In a car, a metallic roof structure, a non-metallic lining on the interior of the car, securing-strips below the lining, adjusting devices at the ends of the strips for forcing the strips upward to clamp the lining against the roof structure, and means additional to said devices for preventing lateral movement of the lining, substantially as set forth.

6. In acar having side walls provided with windows and a roof, non-metallic lining pieces each extending from the top of a window in one side wall across the roof t the top of a window in the opposite side wall, securing-strips each engaging the adj acent edges of two lining pieces, and means located at the ends of said strips for forcing the strips upwardly to clamp the lining pieces against the roof, substantially as set means for preventing lateral movement of forth. the lining, substantially as set forth. 10 7. In a car, a roof structure, a non-metal- This specification signed and witnessed lie lining underlying the roof structure, this 26th day of March, 1912. 5 means for pressing the lining upwardly EDWARD G. BUDD.

against said structure without employing Witnesses: metallic devices extending through the lin- JOHN B. KILBROOK,

ing and engaging the roof structure, and. WM. J. EARNSHAW. 

